北京市丰台区居民“非典”相关知识、态度和行为的抽样调查

KAP about Atypical Pneumonia of Residents in Fengtai District, Beijing, a Randomized Sampling Survey

目的 调查北京市丰台区居民“非典”相关知识、态度和行为。方法 采用抽样调查的方法对 1 0～ 60岁及 60岁以上的 ,来自包括丰台区学校、企业和医院等 49个单位的 83 5人进行问卷调查。结果 被调查者中有 77 3 %的人知道“非典”的病原体为病毒 ,有 81 4%的人了解其传播途径 ,有 86 5 %的人知道其预防措施 ,48 9%的人准确地了解“非典”的症状。被调查者的受教育水平越高 ,对“非典”知识了解水平越高。被调查者的信息来源包括 :电视 广播 (占被调查者中的 96%以上 ) ,报纸 (占 90 %左右 ) ,宣传折页 画 单 (占 60 %以上 ) ,互联网 (占 40 %左右 )等。大约 70 %的人担心自己和 或他们的亲戚 朋友被感染。超过 85 %的人表示他们会对疑似“非典”的亲戚 朋友仅以电话方式表示慰问 ,大约 2 1 %的人表示愿意在采取必要的防护措施的情况下对疑似“非典”的亲戚 朋友进行探望。一部分被调查者表现出各种心理障碍 :不安、焦虑、头昏、头痛、失眠以及抑郁。大多数人在“非典”流行时都采取了不同的防护措施。结论 丰台区的大多数居民对“非典”有很好的了解并采取了相应的保护措施。“非典”健康教育的目标人群应为知识水平相对较低的人及中、小学生。

Objective To investigate the KAP about atypical pneumonia of the residents in Fengtai District, Beijing Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 835 persons, aged 10～60 and over, from 49 institutions, including schools, enterprises, and hospitals in Fengtai District, Beijing, by random sampling Results 77 3% of the respondents knew that the pathogen of atypical pneumonia is virus 81 4% of them knew the transmission route 86 5% of them knew the preventive measures 48 9% of them knew correctly the symptoms Generally speaking, the higher the educational level of the respondents the higher the knowledge rates The sources of information included TV and radio broadcasting (for more than 96% of the respondents), newspapers (for near 90% of them), poster/ pamphlet/leaflet (for more then 60% of them), internet (for near 40% of them), etc About 70% of them worried about them and/or their relatives/friends being infected More than 85% of them showed that they would only greet their relatives/friends with suspected atypical pneumonia by telephone call, about 21% of them showed willingness to visit their relatives/friends with suspected atypical pneumonia with necessary protective measures Some of the respondents showed different psychological problems: nervousness, anxiety, dizziness, headache, insomnia, and depression Most of them adopted different protective measures Conclusion Most of the residents in Fengtai District know atypical pneumonia rather well and have adopted relevant defending measures Relevant health education should target the persons with lower educational levels and students of primary and secondary schools