论抗战时期陕甘宁边区的手工业

Handcraft Industry in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area during the Anti-Japanese War

清末民初 ,陕甘宁边区的传统手工业得到了较好的发展 ,但到 30年代前期开始衰落 ,红军在执行工商业政策上的失误是造成传统手工业衰落的原因之一。抗日战争时期 ,手工业是边区自救性生产的主要组成部分。在手工业的增长中 ,政府政策和政治动员起了关键性的作用。边区手工业的经营方式 ,是在传统手工业经营方式的基础上形成的多种经营形式并存的一种新的经营体制。这种新体制既包含了传统的形态 ,又吸收了现代企业的经营观念 ,把股份制引入手工业生产的经营和管理。政府权力和民间传统相结合的经营模式 ,成为边区手工业经营中的一个特色。手工业的增长改变了边区乡村原来单一的农业经济结构 ,引发了农业种植结构的变化 ,推动了乡村小城镇和集市贸易的形成以及乡村商业的活跃。

The traditional handicraft industry in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area had got a better development in the late Qing and the early Republican periods. But it began to decline in the early years of 1930's, the mistakes in the execution of the industrial and commercial policies made by Red Army is one of the reason to cause the decline. During the Anti-Japanese War, the handicraft industry is a new managing system composed of multi-managing methods and based on these of traditional handicraft industry. The new system not only includes traditional patterns, but absorbs the concepts of the administration of modern enterprise as well, which leads the share-system into the management and administration of the handicraft producing. The new managing method combining the government power and folk tradition has become a characteristic of Border Area. The developing of the handicraft has changed the former single agriculture economic structure and caused great changes to the planting structure. It has also promoted the formation of rural town and the county fair and stimulated the rural commerce.