《三国演义》毛评中的历史小说虚实论平议

An objective review of Mao's comments on fabrication and reality about The Three Kingdoms

毛纶、毛宗岗父子在《三国演义》评点中,提出了对历史小说真实性的具体要求,并在其删改、整理的艺术实践中树立了历史小说虚构的原则。对历史小说虚实问题的认识,毛评本身存在一定的矛盾之处。这固然受制于作品本身虚实相间的实际状况,但更重要的是与民族文化心理、评者所处时代和自身禀赋,及评点这种文学批评形式有着或隐或显的关系。

Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang raised specific requests about reality of historical novels in their notes and commentary of The Three Kindoms, they also set up principles about fabrication of historical novels in their abridgement and arrangement practice. These opinions have some contradiction. If we want to probe into the reason why this contradiction exists, we should study our national culture psychology, Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang's era, their endowments and notes and commentary as a special way of literature review. These factors have explicit or implicit relations to Mao's comments.