转型经济下中国的城市失业及劳动力流动

Urban Unemployment and Labor Mobility in Transitional China

本文的目的是要建立一个关于劳动力流动的模型。用模型解释劳动者在城乡间的迁移行为，也将解释各省的城乡收入差别是如何影响各省的失业率。在中国的统计数据中，关注的常常是那些有着当地户口的居民。而在本文里，模型不仅深入分析了当地居民的劳动力市场，还分析了农村外来人口的劳动力市场。而且文章不仅对劳动力市场进行了的理论化，模型化的分析，还进行了深入的实证检验。文中的实证研究关注了年龄为16—25岁的年轻劳动者。因为这些年轻的劳动者通常刚刚离开学校，所以关于他们失业的统计数据不会因为没有考虑到大量的下岗工人而存在巨大的偏差。

In this paper a model is developed to focus upon labour mobility, which equalizesthe benefits to migrants from working in urban and rural areas, and to explore how the uneven in-come bundle for rural peasants across provinces helps to explain the unevenness of urban provincialunemployment. The model distinguishes the labour market experience of registered urban residentsfrom that of rural migrants to urban areas. In addition, it is also distinguished in the theoreticalmodel and the empirical analysis: between young workers aged 16-25, and older workers. Most ofthe young workers are recent school-leavers, so that these measures of regional differences in thelabour market are not distorted by the exclusion of significant numbers of laidoff workers from themore familiar unemployment statistics.