7种木麻黄的引种生长表现及其在我国应用潜力的研究

GROWING PERFORMANCE OF CASUARINA JUNGHUNIANA AND OTHER 6 SPECIES OF CASUARINACEAE IN SOUTHEAST CHINA

木麻黄系木麻黄科(Casuarinaceae)树种的总称,大约80种,乔木或灌木。木麻黄广泛分布于东南亚、太平洋群岛和澳大利亚,多数为澳大利亚特有种。现在,木麻黄已广泛地引种栽培于世界热带和亚热带地区,但主要是木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.&Forst.)、细枝木麻黄(C.cunninghamiana Miq.)和粗枝木麻黄(C.glauca Sieb.ex Spreng.)。澳大利亚植物学家L.A.S.Johnson将木麻黄科分成4个属;木麻黄属(Casuarina Adans.s.str.)、方枝木麻黄属(Gymnostoma L.Johnson)、异果木麻黄属(Allocasuarina L.Johnson)和仅分布于马来西亚的尚未得到描述的C属。

Through a colaborative forestry project (ACIAR 8848)between the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, a species trial was established in Southeast China in 1986 with 7 species of Casuarinaceae, Allocasuarina littoralis, A. torulosa, Casuarina cristata, C. cunnighamiana, C. equisetifolia, C. glauca and C. junghuniana, with 14 seedlots from Australia and 2 local lots. The trial was designed 4×4 square lattice with 3 replicates and 5×5 trees in a square plot. As land races, the two local seedlots of C. equisetifolia and C. glauca were used as controls. It was found from the research results that there were considerably significant differences in growth rates and survival between C. junghuniana and the other 6 species. Introduced to China for the first time, C, junghuniana has reached average height of 10.2m and dbh 9.7 cm at age 4.5, in comparison with stright stem form, dense crown and abounded litter, and started fruiting at age 3.C. cunninghamiana performed as well as the land races, C. glauca and C. equisetifolia around 6.0m tall and dbh 5.6cm. ,4. littoralis, A. torulosa and C. cristata ranged 4.5 to 5.2m in height and 4 to 6 cm in dbh with lower survival percentage of 20％ to 60％. Perspectively C. junghuniana is of great importance in large scale planting, A. littoralis and A. torulosa will be possibly used as associates in plantations.