杉木种子园高产稳产的研究

A RESEARCH ON HIGH AND STABLE YIELD OF CHINESE FIR SEED ORCHARD

根据全国7省26个杉木种子园有关数据,及浙江杉木种子园高产稳产研究协作组的研究报告,从高产稳产角度,对园址选择、建园材料选择、定砧密度、结实前管理及结实后管理技术进行探讨。园址最好选在撒粉期雨量不过多、不常遭冻害的杉木一般产区;选取低山向阳缓坡、隔离条件好、土壤深厚而肥力中等、湿润而排水良好的地方建园。建园材料选遗传增益高而结实中等以上无性系,注意花期相配。定砧密度要适当。结实前狠抓嫁接株保存率及直冠率,通过土壤管理及适当疏枝培养宽大、透光树冠;结实后狠抓土壤管理、花粉管理、及时疏伐及病虫防治,结实衰退时及时更新改造。

According to the researches by the writer since 1983, relative data of 26 Chinese fir seed orchards throughout the country and scientific reports of other members of the high and stable yield cooperative research group of Chinese fir seed orchard in Zhejiang Province, discussion is made on selections of seed orchard site, genetic material and density of stocks and managing techniques before and after fruitage in this paper.The best site is the ordinary production region of this species, where there is not too much rainfall in pollination and frost damage in winter and where the sunny gentle-sloped low hill, well iso lated conditions, deep and mid-fertile soil, suitable moisture and well water drainage must be considered. The clones which have fruitage capacity above middle level and high genetic gains with the match of anthesis should be selected as the genetic materials. The density of stocks should be proper. It is necessary to concentrate on keeping high percentage of survival and straight stem of graft trees, and develop wide and light-penetrative crown by soil mana gement and make proper branch-cutting before fruitage. And pay much attention to soil and pollen management, thinning in time and controlling insects and diseases after fruitage. The seed orchard should be regenereted and reformed in time when the seed yield highly degenarate.