宽容与共荣:陕南民间文艺的文化整合

The Folk Arts in Southern Shaanxi

陕南文化是一种由移民构成的文化。这些来自于周边不同地域文化的人们,在同一块地域居住时,通过民间文艺无意识地选择了自然从容、欢乐愉快、不固执己见、甚至于带有一些享乐特色的生存态度和情感方式。这种选择在宁强的端公戏、洋县的孝歌等民间文艺中得到普遍的文化认同,从而形成陕南民间文艺特有的文化整合模式。其文化整合的特点是:其一,陕南的移民尽管带来了原有的地域文化的积淀,但并不是固执地坚守原来的文化价值观念,而是以顺应的心理去对待文化的撞击,尽量地做到与时俱进。其二,容易认同与新的生存状态联系紧密的新的生存态度,亦即新的文化内容,而不大容易改变原来的民间文艺形式。其三,陕南移民在对原先的民间文艺形式的保留中,还是要少量地吸收其他地域民间文艺的长处,以适应文化的整合。陕南的移民做出的这种文化选择与陕南的自然环境有关,更与陕南人的社会环境有关。

The culture of southern Shaanxi is that of immigrants, who developed a life attitude and affection form that is fairly natural, calm, happy, and tolerant, even epicurean, out of their various regional customs by means of folk arts. This choice was com integration only accepted in the folk arts such as Duangong Opera in Ningqiang County and Songs of Filial Piety in YangXian County, thus forming a culture integration typically found in south Shaanxi. Its features are: 1) immigrants brought in their own culture but willingly adapted to the local for development with the time; 2) they were easy to accept the new environment and living attitude, i.e. the new culture, but fairly difficult to change the original fork arts; and 3) while reserving the original form of the folk arts they also adopted the merits of those from other regions so as to fit the cultural integration. Such a culture choice owes much not only to the natural but also to the social environments of south Shaanxi.