湿地水文学研究进展

Advances in wetland hydrology

水文过程在湿地形成、发育、演替直至消亡全过程中起重要作用。降水截流、径流和蒸散作用是湿地 大气界面水文过程研究的热点和重点,开发的模型较多但尚需进一步检验和完善。片流和明渠流是湿地主要地表径流,其中片流受地形坡度等因素影响而难以精确计算。湿地的地下水文系统对季节性积水湿地尤为重要,但是关于泥炭沼泽的垂向水力联系尚需进一步研究。可持续的湿地水文管理必须将人类活动和气候变化这两个因素纳入湿地综合水文模型,然而目前除少数几个综合模型外,大多数的湿地水文模型并非如此。加强湿地水文观测、多手段多技术相结合和开发综合湿地水文模型应是今后湿地水文学研究的主流。

The hydrological process plays an extremely important role in wetland formation, development, evolution and disappearance Although many hydrological models on precipitation interception, streamflow and evapotranspiration have been developed, they need to be verified and improved Sheet flow is difficult to model and calculate due to many factors affecting it Furthermore, the groundwater system of wetland is especially important for seasonally flooded wetlands The vertical hydraulic linkage in peatland is still uncertain In addition, human activities and climate changes must be brought into integrated hydrological models for sustainable wetlands management So far, there are only few integrated wetland hydrological models The main study direction in wetland hydrology is to reinforce wetland hydrological monitoring, combine multiple approaches and modern technologies and develop integrated wetland hydrological models.