关于氮肥利用率的思考

Thinking about nitrogen recovery rate

应用作者近10年在华北地区冬小麦/夏玉米中氮肥转化与去向的研究资料,对施氮量、产量、氮肥利用、残留、损失关系进行分析;认为简单的氮肥利用率很难反映不同农业生产水平条件下的氮肥利用状况;要准确反映氮肥利用状况,应综合考虑产量水平、氮肥利用、残留及损失的情况.论证了我国氮肥利用率具有很大的变幅,平常所说的30%~35%只是一个整体概念,不能以此来说明我国氮肥损失量大,对环境的污染严重.在我国农业生产中,必须研究解决既能获得尽可能高的产量,又能最大限度地减轻对环境压力的氮肥施用技术及其理论基础,而不应该一味追求多么高的氮肥利用率.

This paper evaluated the relationship among application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, crop yield, nitrogen utilization, residue and losses through summering the data obtained from winter wheat and summer maize rotation system in recent ten years in North Chinese Plain. It recognized that simple nitrogen recovery rate hardly illustrated the nitrogen utilization situation in agro-ecosystem. It also should consider the yield level, nitrogen fertilizer utilization, residual and losses in whole. It was usually a general idea when we consider that Nitrogen recovery rate was 30%~35% in China agriculture system, in deed, nitrogen recovery rate had a very large variation. We should not think large amount of nitrogen losses and serious pollution problems according to the prevenient data. We should develop the technology of nitrogen fertilizer application that has a relatively high yield and friendly environment, but not only high nitrogen recovery rate.