东亚地区的安全保障与非东亚要素

East Asian Security and its Non-East Asian Factors

研究东亚地区的安全保障与“非东亚要素”时 ,必须考虑在地理上不属于东亚的要素 (大国 )和不是东亚固有的要素这两个方面。前者无论是从军事实力、政治影响力还是从对东亚的积极介入程度来看 ,首要因素是美国。后者则包括能源、全球经济、宗教、文化等等。美国从地理上来讲是“非东亚要素” ,但撇开美国无法谈论东亚地区的安全保障。然而 ,尽管美国的意图和物质力量是全球性的 ,但它并不具有保障东亚地区安全的“软能力”(governability)。东亚各国判断美国在东亚以军事同盟为基轴的领导的是与非时的标准是 :(1)美国是否对本地区的政治和经济稳定起积极作用 ?(2 )是否有利于防止和抑制地区纠纷 ?(3)能否有效地对付恐怖主义等超国家、非传统的威胁 ?最后 ,作者认为经济危机、能源危机、环境危机等非军事危机将来可能是威胁东亚地区安全的最大因素 ,为此 ,建立由东亚各国组成的“非军事危机的非军事管理”机制是东亚各国的紧迫课题。

When discussing the security of East Asia and its“non East Asian elements,”we must consider both issues outside the geographic area and issues that have global implications.The former includes the United States with its overpowering military strength and political influence and its strategy of actively committing to pan Pacific affairs.The latter includes global economies,religions, and cultures.East Asia cannot consider the security issue without considering the United States,even though it is a non East Asian actor geographically.U.S.intentions and physical power are global,but it does not have a“soft ability”(governability) to guarantee the security of East Asia.When judging the appropriateness of U.S.leadership in this region,we should consider the following questions:1.) Can the U.S.commitment contribute to political and economic stability in the region?2.) Does the U.S.commitment contribute to the prevention and restraint of conflict of the region?and 3.) Does the U.S.commitment effectively eliminate nontraditional threats such as terrorism?In the near future we will be faced with many nonmilitary crises due to energy,environment,and human security problems.Therefore,it is urgent that the East Asian countries manage and control their nonmilitary regional crises.