“社会—经济—自然复合生态系统”中的鼠害治理

The Rodent Pest Control of the Social-Economical-Natur Complex Ecosystem

在自然生态系统中 ,鼠类并非完全有害 ,作为生态系统中的一个组成部分和物流与能流的一环 ,有其存在的必然性。只有在与人类的生活和生产发生冲突时 ,鼠类才表现出其危害性。生态系统的失衡是鼠类暴发成灾最根本的原因。目前 ,害鼠对工农业生产造成严重的危害 ,并威胁着人们的身体健康 ,害鼠防治的异化则对生态环境造成严重的影响。对鼠害的治理是一项社会性的工程 ,当地政府的政策法令、组织管理、人们的科学文化素质以及科技普及程度 ,对害鼠的控制有着重要的作用。从长远发展来讲 ,随着社会的进步 ,经济的发展 ,人民生活水平的提高 ,害鼠种群数量将会受到控制而趋于下降。但中短期而言 ,社会经济建设的某些活动可能引发局部或大面积害鼠种群的暴发。因此在实施那些措施时 ,若能注意害鼠种群的发生发展 ,或对有关项目可能对鼠类生存环境的影响进行预测 ,并采取有效措施控制害鼠种群 ,将会减少害鼠带来的各种损失 ,更有利于我们的经济建设。由此提出 ,可适时地采用“社会─经济─自然复合生态系统”的思维 ,并关注目前社会经济活动中重大举措对鼠类群落的影响 ,科学地制定鼠害控制对策。

It is considered that some species of rodents are pests especially when their population outbrea k. In many cases, the outbreaks of rodent populations were due to the disturba n ce of ecosystem, especially in agro ecosystem. Since rodent pests cause damag es on crops and hazard to health of peopl e, great efforts have been made to control their populations. In fact, rodents including those pest species play an important role in ecosystem. They bec ome pests only when the ecosystem balance has been broken down and their density became high. Therefore, the efforts to control the rodent pests could im pact the environment and ecosystem.The management of rodent pests is a social process. Government policy and knowledge of people are ver y important in the process. This social engineering not only needs many m easures by ecological principles, but also the strong support by the government and society. It is related to policy, guide, organization and management of gove rnment, and cultural level, the level of knowledge and popular science, and othe rs such as religious values or beliefs in some areas. In the long term, a s the progress of society and the improvement of living standard, the population of rodent pests will keep deceasing in China.Howev er, the present economic and social activities may cause the population d ensity of rodent pests high in some areas. Therefore, it is necessary to pay att ention to take effective measures in forecasting the possible effects of our eco nomic activities on the survival environments of rodents and the populati on dynamic of rodent pests, and their community during the economic activities. Proper strategies for rodent control should consider factors of social, economic al, and ecosystem. It is also suggested to pay close attention to the impacts of current major moves in social economic activities on rodent populations.