德日进与中国旧石器时代考古学的早期发展

P. TEILHARD DE CHARDIN IN THE EARLY STAGE OF PALEOLITHIC RESEARCH IN CHINA

德日进是中国旧石器时代考古学的开拓者与奠基人之一。他与桑志华发现并发掘了水洞沟和萨拉乌苏遗址 ,参与了关于中国史前考古的第一本专著《中国旧石器时代》的写作。他作为中国地质调查所新生代研究室的顾问参与和指导了周口店遗址的发掘和研究工作 ,对确认北京猿人石器的人工属性和用火遗迹起过重要的作用 ,与裴文中一道对周口店的石器工业进行了系统研究 ,奠定了中国旧石器时代考古学的基础 ,并与杨钟健等一起建立了周口店遗址的地层层序和地质时代框架。他对中国旧石器时代考古的第一代学人裴文中和贾兰坡有过多方面的指导和帮助 。

P. Teilhard de Chardin is one of the pioneers of Paleolithic research in China. Together with another French paleontologist Emile Licent, he found and excavated two Paleolithic sites in North China in early 1920s, namely Shuidonggou in the Ningxia Autonomous Region and Salawusu (Ordos) in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. He is one of the co authors of Le Paléolithique de la Chine, which is the first monograph devoted exclusively to paleolithic research in China. As an advisor to the Cenozoic Research Laboratory under the Institute of Geological Survey of China, he played an essential role in the identification and confirmation of stone artifacts and fire use evidence collected from Zhoukoudian Locality 1 in late 1920s and early 1930s. He and W.C. Pei made the earliest systematic study of Sinanthropus lithic industry, which laid the methodological foundation for lithic analysis in China. Through analyzing faunal remains from various localities at Zhoukoudian, he and C.C. Young established the basic stratigraphic and chronological framework for the site. In addition, he provided various kinds of guidance and assistance to the first generation of Chinese paleolithic archaeologists, namely Pei Wenzhong (W.C. Pei) and Jia Lanpo (L.P. Chia), which warranted his long lasting influence on paleolithic research in China.