北京市土壤中Cr,Ni含量的空间结构与分布特征

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF Cr AND Ni IN SOILS OF BEIJING

本文以一个完整的省级行政单元 (北京市 )为例 ,进行系统的、大尺度的土壤Cr,Ni含量的空间分布与污染评价研究 ,通过地统计学方法分析揭示了北京市土壤中Cr,Ni的空间结构与分布特征 ,并探索其主要成因 ,为全面了解北京市的土壤环境质量和开展大规模的土壤环境质量评价研究等提供方法学借鉴和参考。结果表明 :土壤Cr,Ni含量的空间结构具有较好的可迁性特点 ;指数模型拟合效果较好 ,变程分别为 1 74.6km和 1 5km ;半变异函数的方向性分析表明 ,Cr,Ni均为各向同性 ,土壤中Cr,Ni具有中等程度的空间相关性。土壤中Cr含量的分布特征为空间相关范围较大 ,从总体趋势来看 ,土壤Cr含量的分布较为连续 ,呈明显的东高西低的分布趋势 ,大致可以分为 3个大的斑块 ,西北方向 (太行山山脉 )土壤Cr含量较低 ,而东南方向 (冲积平原 )土壤Cr含量相对居中 ,东北部 (燕山山脉 )的土壤Cr含量最高。土壤Ni含量的空间分布比较零散 ,其分布大致表现为东北部地区最高 ,西南部居中 ,中部地区最低。研究还揭示 ,北京市土壤中Cr,Ni含量目前仍主要受成土母质的影响 ,但是个别地区也存在明显的Cr,Ni含量严重偏高现象。

The knowledge of the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in soils is the base of environmental quality assessment of soils. Geostatistics is an appropriate method to study the spatial distribution patterns of soil heavy metals. Using geostatistical methods it was found that the semivariogram of Cr and Ni in soils of Beijing showed good transition character, which could be fitted well using the exponential model. The ranges of Cr and Ni were 174.6 km and 15.0 km, respectively. The spatial structures of Cr and Ni were isotropy. The distribution patterns of Cr and Ni were high in the north of Miyun County. So the soil environmental quality should be paid much attention to this area. The results show that the distribution patterns of Cr and Ni presented the variations of heavy metals in different districts and the Kriging method could provide with a suitable way to identify the contamination sources.