北京城地域沿革及发展思考

APPROACH TO REGIONAL EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BEIJING CITY

位于华北平原北部的北京,东西北三面环山,形如海湾,中间为一小平原,是地质历史演变成的一块风水宝地。自春秋战国时期作为燕都蓟城,经秦、汉、晋、隋、唐、五代、宋(辽、金)等历代变迁,于金贞元年建都,至其后的元、明、清,多作为都城,先后定名为中都、中都永安府、大都、大都路总管府、北平府、北京、京师顺天府。自辽代起北京城范围比今北京大。北京城地域演变是社会经济发展和人们生活需求自然形成的,它应对现今城市规划布局、人才建设具有重要的参考价值。

Beijing City is situated in the northern part of North China plain, surrounded by mountains to the east, the west and the north to form a gulf-like landform enclosing a little flat. Such a rich land of high geomantic quality having went through a long geologic history began with the capital, called Jiecheng, of the Yan state in The Spring and Autumn Period, then experiencing changes of such dynasties as Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, Tang and Song until 1153 A.D., the first year of Jin dynasty, to become the capital, in a true sense, of a state. Afterwards, It was successively made the capital of many dynasties like Yuan, Ming and Qing, named respectively as Zhongdu, Zhongduyonganfu, Dadu, Daduluzongguanfu, Beipingfu, Beijing and Jingshishunfu. The scope of Beijing city has been in excess of that of the today Beijing proper since Liao dynasty. Old Beijing city evolved regionally with social and economic development and people's requirement. Many aspects of the regional evolution may be consulted, to a large degree, for city planning and brain improvement of Beijing.