谁之法解释?何种客观性?——基于客观性法解释立场的检讨

Who Are the Subjects of Legal Interpretation?How about the Objectivity of Legal Interpretation?——A Review Based on Objective Legal Interpretation Standpoint

传统的客观性法解释立场因为没有正确对待'法律解释主体是谁'与'法律解释的客观性如何'而致使解释活动遭遇系列难题。哲学层面上的存在论意义和认识论意义的客观性概念因为对主体性、意识的忽视,对客体、实在的凸显而导致了无法正确看待人文社会科学的研究性质。重构客观性概念为客观性法解释学立场的检讨提供了借鉴。以立法者原意为目标的主观论解释和以法律自身目的为目标的客观论解释以'主客二分'框架为基础,以'真假'二值为标准,通过追求外在于解释主体的客观实在、排除解释者价值判断的途径,并不能够正确描述法律解释的真实实践图景。它一方面错置了解释者、解释对象之间的地位和关系;另一方面对客观性的追求无法避免其认识上的悖论及与有效性的相协调。在承认法律解释应当融入解释者主体性作用的前提下,解释活动的客观性标准应当转化为可接受性。合意性前提与语言使用的意义界限提供了客观性保证;听众的加入和理由之间的相互证立确立了可接受性标准的有效性。从而缓和了法律解释在客观性和有效性之间的张力。

The interpretation activities encounter series of difficulties because the traditional objective legal interpretation standpoint fails to correctly treat "who are the subjects of legal interpretation?" and "how about the objectivity of legal interpretation?" The ontological and epistemological concept of objectivity in the sense of philosophy, due to neglect of subject and consciousness and highlight on object and reality, results in failure to correctly look on the research nature of the humanities and social sciences. Reconstructing the concept of objectivity provides reference for the review of objective legal interpretation standpoint. The subjective interpretation aimed at the original intention of the legislature and the objective interpretation aimed at the law itself base on the framework of "the dichotomy of subjectivity and objectivity",with the "true and false" values as standards,and the pursuit of the objective reality of the interpretation subject and the exclusion of the value judgment by the interpreters cannot correctly describe the true practical scene of the legal interpretation. On the one hand, it misplaces the positions and relationship of the interpreter and the interpreted; on the other hand,the pursuit of objectivity cannot avoid the paradox of cognition and the coordination of effectiveness. When the legal interpretation should incorporate the subjectivity of the interpreter,the objective standard of interpretation activities should be converted to acceptability. The consensual premise and the sense boundary of language use offer the objective assurance; the participation of audience and the mutual justification of causes establish the effectiveness of the acceptable standard.Therefore,this alleviates the tension of the legal interpretation between objectivity and effectiveness.