论宪法上军事权的范畴、制度与原理

The Categories,System Design and Theories of Constitutional Military Power

宪法上的军事权规范既是军事法治的基石,也是宪法制度的重要组成部分,在深层次反映出宪法价值、军事规律二者的结合。军事权的研究价值取决于军事暴力与意志、主权之间的特别关联,宪法上的军事权具有判定政治存在、维护立宪价值两方面要素。从军事功能、法律关系出发,可以将相关规范归入武力启动权、最高统帅权、军队指挥命令权、国防建设权四个范畴。通过比较分析,宪法对不同职权的规范内容呈现出一定的规律性。在制度层面,这可以归纳为议会中心主义、文官治军和过程性控制三项原则。结合宪法原理,可以挖掘其背后的主权构造、理性预设和价值来源等。

The terms of military power in the constitution is both a cornerstone of military rule of law and an important part of constitution system. At a deep level it reflects the interaction between constitutional value and objective military law.The special legal regulation of military power depends on the link between the military violence and sovereignty will. The constitutional military power has an element of distinguishing political being and another of protecting constitutional values. From the perspective of military function and legal regulation, the military power can be divided into four categories as the power to declare war, the commander in chief power, the army commanding power and the army founding power. Based on a comparative analysis,the constitution terms reflect some internal principle. The system design includes three principles, such as parliament-centrism principle,the civilian control principle and procedure control principle. Combing some constitutional thoughts, the sovereign structure, individual rationality and value origin basis of these terms can be explored.