费希特的正义思想

On the Thought of Justice of Fichte

费希特的正义思想秉持自由的精神,体现出强烈的现实关怀和针总时弊的意识,具有承前启后的重要理论价值和实践意义。结合费希特知识学的演变过程,可以从法权、伦理和宗教三个维度来概述他的正义思想,并分析这三种正义思想的内在关联和本质内涵。如果说在德国古典哲学中,康德率先在人的内心发起了道德的启蒙,那么费希特则在外在的规范层面引领了法权的启蒙。费希特正义思想的重要启示在于,正义不能仅仅停留于内在的道德层面,而是必须客观化为公民社会的法权秩序。

Following the spirit of freedom, Fichte’s thought of justice embodies strong realistic concerns and critical consciousness of the abuse of the time,and has the important theoretical value and practical significance. According to the evolution of Fichte’s doctrine of science,his thought of justice can be summarized from the related three dimensions of right, ethic and religion, and their inner and essential connotations are also discussed. In German idealism, if we say Kant takes the lead in initiating moral enlightenment in the human mind, Fichte leads the Enlightenment of right in the external norms. The important inspiration of Fichte’s justice thought is that justice cannot just stay in the internal moral level,but rather must be objectified into the order of civil society.