“领土”在东亚法律语言中的生成和变迁——兼谈东亚国际法史中的学术、政治和话语建构

The Changing Translation of Territory in East Asia——With a Study of the Academics,Politics and Language Construction of East Asian Countries in Adopting International Law

'领土'是现代国际法的核心概念,也是现代国家建构的物质基础。但是对东亚国家来说,'领土'是个舶来品。古代语言中没有'领土'一词,也没有近代西方意义上的'领土'概念。19世纪下半叶国际法进入东亚,'领土'成为各国继受国际法后形成的重要政治和法律概念,但是话语层面的'领土'一词并不是一直不变的。本文以东亚的中国、日本和朝鲜半岛近代以来的法律文本为基础,考察汉字文化圈国家国际法中'territory'译词变迁,发现'territory'先后经历了'疆域'、'版图'、'领土'和'领域'等多次译词变化,这些变化反映了东亚国家在国际法学上的学术交流,也更深层次揭示了国家间政治对法律语言的影响。

Territory is the core concept of international law and the physical basis of modern state construction. There is no Territory in East Asian language,which was adopted by East Asian countries in the late 19 th century. At the time international law came to East Asia, 'territory' has been a fixed term in Western legal parlance. Translating it into Chinese became a common task for the scholars of China, Japan and Korea. Reading the writings of international law in these countries,we can find its corresponding words were changing over time. This essay reviews the changing of these words against the background of legal and political history,and through which,gives new understanding of the history of international law of East Asian countries.