高质量食品风险管理体系:行业驱动因素下的芬兰公共食品安全监管和欧盟食品安全法框架的比较研究

High Quality Food Risk Management System:Comparing Implementation of Industry Driven and Public Food Safety Regulation in Finland within the EU General Food Safety Law Framework

清洁生产的概念是芬兰食品业品牌的核心部分。实现优秀的安全标准,是行业协会与芬兰食品安全管理局合作的一个重要领域。挑战在于如何将自愿的质量改进活动与相当严格的欧盟监管框架结合起来。本文以锡卡瓦系统为例,以行业驱动的自我监管为例,并将其与公共沙门氏菌耐药性计划进行了比较。芬兰第一个按照欧盟规定执行的国家质量体系是锡卡瓦猪肉质量体系。本文将这种自我监管体系与权威驱动的沙门氏菌耐药计划进行了比较,后者是芬兰清洁食品品牌的另一个基石。其重点在于,从被监管者的角度,如何理解执行权威与产业驱动法规中的不同。芬兰的食品立法符合欧盟的指令。这些规定也指导着国家食品检验制度和其他执法手段。与许多其他欧盟成员国不同,芬兰食品行业依赖于强大的自我监管传统,尤其是在提高肉制品质量和安全方面。政府和私人规制的平衡组合,是在实践中实现优秀食品安全标准的关键。

The concept of clean production is a central part of the Finnish Food Industry’s brand.Achieving excellent safety standards is an important field for cooperation between industrial associations and the Finnish Food Safety Authority.The challenge is how to combine voluntary quality improvement activities with the rather rigid EU regulatory framework.This article uses the Sikava-system as an example of industry driven self-regulation and compares it to the public salmonella resistance program.The first Finnish national quality system enforced in line with the EU regulations is the pork meat quality-system 'Sikava'.We compare this selfregulatory system with the authority-driven salmonella resistance program,which is another corner stone of the Finnish Clean Food brand.Our focus is to understand what makes a difference from the regulatee’s point of view in implementing authority vs.industry driven regulations.The Finnish foodstuff legislation is in accordance with EU directives.These regulations direct also the national system for foodstuff inspections and other means for implementing the law.Unlike many other EU member states,the Finnish foodstuff industry relies on a strong tradition of selfregulation,especially relating to enhancing the quality and safety of meat products.We argue that a balanced mix of public and private regulation is the key to achieving excellent food safety standards in practice.