我国割胶技术由“二元结构”向“一元结构”技术变迁

Tapping Technique Change from "Mono Structure" to "Dual Structure" in China

割胶是一项技术性强的手工作业,直接影响橡胶产量和经济效益。然而,长期以来在我国植胶区存在两种不同的割胶技术水平。基于此,本文从经营制度、要素禀赋结构、专业化分工程度、技术变迁目标与要素冲突等方面探讨其中缘由,并认为经营制度的不同是我国割胶技术存在的"二元技术结构"的根本原因。最后,本文提出了在稳定现有家庭经营制度的基础上进行制度创新,增强社会化服务,强化统一经营层次,通过家庭经营制度的较为长期的技术变迁实现割胶技术由当前"二元技术结构"状况向"一元技术结构"转变的具体路径。

Rubber tapping is a highly technical manual work which directly affects the yield and economic benefits. However, there are two different tapping technique level in our country rubber planting area for a long time. Based on this, this paper explore the reasons from the aspects of management system,theendowment structure, degree of specialization, the conflict of technical change objectives and factors,and that the different management system is the root causes which existence of 'dual technology structure' in our country. Finally, the article gives opinions of institutional innovation, enhancement of social service,reinforcement of unified management level which is based on stabilization of family management system.To convert from monistic technology structure to the dualistic in rubber tapping via long term technological changes of family management system.