义务教育均衡发展视野下农村教师问题研究——基于纵向与横向实证调查和政策分析

Study on Rural Teachers in the Perspective of Balanced Development of Compulsory Education: Based on Vertical and Horizontal Empirical Investigation and Policy Analysis

教师队伍合理配置和使用是提高农村学校办学水平、推进义务教育均衡发展的重要环节。经过20多年的发展,农村义务教育阶段教师队伍建设发生了巨大变化,但是在实现义务教育均衡发展和提高教育质量目标的新形势下,农村教师队伍建设仍然面临诸多挑战。在偏远农村地区和少数民族地区,代课教师仍然发挥着重要作用,他们的待遇和后顾之忧却没有得到合理的解决,偏远农村地区的优秀教师流向城镇学校和中心学校的现象较为严重,农村教师双向合理流动机制缺失;在学龄人口减少的情况下,农村教师的使用效率和合理配置未给予足够的重视。只有切实解决农村教师中存在的一些不合理问题,才能从根本上提高农村学校的教育质量。

Reasonable allocation of teaching resources is the key to raise the quality of rural schools and promote the balanced development of compulsory education. Twenty years' development has witnessed the remarkable changes in rural teaching force at compulsory education stage. However in the new context of realizing the goals of balanced compulsory education and improving quality of education, the construction of rural teaching force still faces many challenges. In the remote rural areas and minority areas, substitute teachers still play important roles in compulsory education. Their compensation and social status should be properly dealt with. High-quality teachers in remote schools tend to move to town schools or central schools. Mechanisms should be established to encourage two-way movement and to attract qualified teachers to teach in remote schools. With a decreasing number of school-age children, importance should be at tached to the effectiveness of allocating teaching force in rural schools.