森有礼教育思想中的身体与内心

Body and Mind in the Arinori Mori's Education Ideology

日本国家的近代化,构建以西洋为模型的宪法议会制度乃其表象,国家内部实体即"国民"的性格实现从"封建"到"近代"的蜕变则为其真正内涵。教育则是从国家层面实现"国民新生"的唯一手段和途径,而"国民道德"的塑造又是其中最为关键及有效的方法与捷径。初代文相森有礼认为人心的自律性值得怀疑,因此对儒学道德教育的内容以及修身教科书的方法均不加信任。他所期待的道德教育是通过"正义"行为的"习惯化"来实现,具体采取兵式体操等身体教育方式使国民养成"三种气质",进而形成统一的国民道德。

The construction of Western constitutional parliamentary system is only the appearance of Japan's modernization. Its true meaning is the change of the State internal entity, that is, the metamorphosis of'national'character from'feudal'to'modern'. Education is the only means to achieve'national newborn'from the national level, and the shape of'national morality'is one of the most critical and effective methods and shortcuts. Arinori Mori questioned human self-discipline, and therefore did not trust the content of moral education of Confucianism and the methods of cultivation textbook. His ideal of moral education is the'habituation'of the'justice'behavior, which is taken particularly by soldiers gymnastics and other physical education methods to develop'three kinds of temperament'in the citizens, and thus forms a unified national morality.