发达地区职业教育层次结构重心上移的实证研究——以北京市医药类职业教育层次结构变化为例

The Upgrading of Vocational Education in Developed Regions: A Case Study on Medical Vocational Education in Beijing

职业教育是与经济发展、产业升级和就业结构变化联系最为紧密的教育类别。根据我国教育发展规划,2000—2020年,我国职业教育仍以大力发展中等职业教育为主。但是,职业教育服务于地区经济发展和人才就业的特性,又使得我们不得不思考,在经济发展水平不同的地区,职业教育内部在中、高层次的比例结构上是否应该因地制宜、各具特色?发达地区的职业教育能否以高职为主,职业教育的层次结构重心是否应该不断高移?为此,本文通过对北京市2002—2011年医药类中、高等职业教育培养规模和占比变化趋势研究及对北京市医药类高等职业教育培养规模与北京市经济发展水平和产业结构升级趋势相关性分析,明确提出:未来10~20年,随着北京市经济社会的持续发展、第三产业比重的持续提高、第二、三产业对高学历、高技能人才的更高需求,职业教育的层次结构重心必将继续上移,以高等职业教育为主将成为以北京市为代表的发达地区职业教育发展的方向和结果。

Vocational education is the type of education most tightly connected with industrial upgrading, economic development and employment structure changes. According to China's education development plans of 2000—2020, developing the secondary vocational education is given priority by the Chinese governments at all levels. However, because of the characteristics of vocational education to serve regional economic development, the internal structureof vocational education should be adjusted to local conditions in the different areas with different level of economic development. Based on the data analysis onthe scale and proportion change trend in medical vocational education 2002—2011, this study demonstrated that the hierarchical structure of the vocational education will continue to move up in the next 10—20 years, as Beijing's economic and social sustainable development demand increase in tertiary industry.