教师心理健康的影响因素:来自深入访谈的证据

Factors Influencing Teachers' Mental Health:Evidence from In-depth Interviews

以往对教师心理健康的研究局限于问卷和经验描述。本研究采用对30名中小学一线教师进行深入访谈的方法探讨了教师心理健康的消极因素和积极因素。使用质性研究数据分析软件Nvivo7.0对访谈内容进行深度分析,结果发现:(1)教师心理健康的消极因素主要包括工作压力、家庭关系、社会认可、师生问题等;(2)可以促进教师心理健康的积极因素主要包括自我疏导调节,与同事、家人、领导的沟通,权益保障等。基于本研究结果可知,社会、自身和家庭因素都可能影响教师心理健康,同时,存在四种保健途径可以预防教师心理问题。

Previous research on teachers' mental health was often limited to questionnaires and descriptive studies. The current study combined qualitative and quantitative research methods together to systematically explore the potential influential factors of teachers' mental health. Thirty Chinese frontline teachers(6 male and 24 female teachers with an average age of 36.5 years) were included in our structured in-depth interviews. After the interviews, we asked 3programmers to encode the material and used software called Nvivo 7.0 to conduct a content analysis of the interview data. Results showed that there are some negative and positive factors of teachers' mental health:(1) In the negative factors model, there are three aspects of factors that influence teachers' mental health, i.e., personal factors, family factors and social factors. Specifically, work stress, family relationships, social acceptance, and teacher-student relationships are related with teachers' mental health problem.(2) In the positive factors model, there are four aspects of factors that may promote teachers' mental health, i.e., self-counseling and regulation, leisure activities, communication, and guarantee of teachers' rights. Therefore, we can improve our teachers' mental health either through avoiding negative factors or promoting positive factors.