我国高校实体性学部制改革的困境与破解——基于历史制度主义的分析

Faculty Reform in Chinese Universities:Dilemmas and Solutions

学部发端于欧洲的中世纪大学中,是按学科领域设置的教育教学组织。随着大学规模的扩大,目前,学部制改革成为许多大学的战略选择。但是就当前来看,学部制改革大都流于形式,没有触及实质问题。本文利用历史制度主义对其进行了分析,在宏观层面,社会政治经济体制与社会文化会对学部制改革产生制约;在微观层面,以校领导和院系负责人为代表的行动者的理性选择会影响着学部制改革的进程。因此,要想推动学部制改革的顺利进行,需要在社会宏观方面寻找制度变革的"历史否决点",在微观层面建立利益协调机制。

Faculty originates from European medieval universities. It is a teaching or research organization set up according to the discipline. With the enrollment expansion of colleges, faculty reform has become one of the strategic choices in many universities. However, the current reform only remains on the surface. Based on historical institutionalism, faculty reform is conditioned by social political and economic system and social culture at the macro level. At the micro level, it is constrained by the rational choices of key actors, such as presidents and deans. In order to promote faculty reform, the Chinese universities should seek the'veto points'at the macro level and set up interest coordination mechanism at the micro level.