试析实证主义比较教育研究的走向:重提实用主义

On The Development Trend of Positivist Paradigm in Comparative Education: Reexamining Pragmatism

本文对比了实证主义与实用主义哲学在"经验"、"进化论"、"知识的性质"、"真理"等概念上的区别,分析了实用主义哲学如何消解实在论与建构论二者之间的对峙和实用主义在建构未来社会中提出的建立商谈协商的科学研究制度。在此基础上,指出实用主义比较教育研究在认识论的关键因素上的观点,提出比较教育研究应以问题为起点、形而上学的地位重新在比较教育研究中合法化和比较教育研究是多重主体共同建构等观点,并认为在实用主义的旗帜下,实证主义者能够与社会建构主义者一道成为比较教育研究的共同开拓者。

By contrasting the concepts of 'experiences','evolutionism','the nature of knowledge',and'truth'in Positivism and Pragmatism,this paper analyzes how the Pragmatism resolves the confrontation between realism and constructivism and construct the future of society by establishing a system of negotiation and consultation. The Pragmatism brought a lot of changes to comparative education research,which helps to integrate the dichotomy between the two said theories. The changes coming from Pragmatism include: 1) The comparative education research should be problem-oriented; 2) Metaphysics is part of comparative education too; 3) Comparative education should a field constructed together by multiple participants,including both positivists and constructivists,in the future.