美国研究型大学科研经费管理的特点与借鉴

The Characteristics of Research Funding Management in American Research Universities:Implications for China

美国研究型大学的科研创新能力为世人所认可,科研活动离不开科研经费的支持和保障,因此,美国研究型大学对科研经费的使用和管理必然有其自身的一些优点。本文从科研经费分配制度、人工费使用、差旅费标准和院系层面的管理制度四个方面对中美两国高校的科研经费管理体制进行了比较分析,指出中国高校在科研经费使用和管理中的一些环节存在的弊端和缺陷,在借鉴美国研究型大学经验的基础上,结合中国的现实情况,提出了几点关于改革完善中国高校科研经费管理体制的具体建议。

The ability of research and innovation of American research universities are recognized by the world,and research activities cannot be separated from the support and guarantee of research funds. Therefore,the employment and management of research funds of research universities in the United States must have some advantages of their own. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the U. S. and China on their management system of research funds from the following four aspects: the allocation of research funds,the use of labor expenses,the standard of travel expenses and the management system at departmental level.The paper points out the shortcomings and defects in the employment and management of research funds in Chinese colleges and universities. On the basis of the experience of American research universities,and combining with the reality of China,this paper puts forward some specific suggestions on improving the management system of research funds in colleges and universities in China.