学位撤销的法律属性及其要件分析——兼评“于艳茹案”

The Legal Attribute of Degree Abolition and Its Requirements:With Comments on Yu Yanru Case

学位撤销是伴随高等教育发展转型而引发的系列纠纷中的一项重要法律问题,其法律属性是行政确认行为的撤销,是有权机关对学位授予行为的一种自主纠错行为。"学历—学位双证书"制度决定了学位授予和撤销行为的审查包含了形式要件和实质要件两部分,涉及学历、学位双重评价。根据现行法律,学术水平的二次评价并不直接引发学位撤销的结果,学位撤销仅发生在"舞弊作伪"的情况下。本文认为,对"舞弊作伪"的要件审查,需要符合学术标准的自主性规定和审查程序的合法性规定的双重要求。

Degree abolition is an important legal problem in a series of degree disputes,arising with the transformation of Chinese higher education. Its legal attribute is a revocation act of administrative confirmation,which is a kind of self-correcting behavior for administrative granting authority. The 'Education Certification and Degree Certification'dual system determines that degree-granting and degree-revoking contain two parts,the formal requirements and the substantive requirements,evaluating both education experience and academic abilities. According to the current law,degree abolition only occurs in the 'fraud'situation without considering academic quality. The review of requirements on 'fraud'shall meet two criteria: the autonomy regulations of the degree granting institution and the legality of the administrative examination procedure.