农村小学教师职业倦怠原因及对策研究——基于双因素理论对HGY学区的案例分析

Causes and Countermeasures for Job Burnout of the Rural Primary School Teachers:A Case Study based on Two-factor Theory

农村教师职业倦怠不仅降低他们的工作热情、教学质量和创造力,而且还由于他们对学生缺乏爱心、耐心,对教育教学缺乏兴趣和进取心而影响学生的学业进步甚至是正常成长。本文以双因素理论为基础,运用问卷调查法和访谈法对HGY学区的农村小学教师职业倦怠现状及其成因进行了分析,针对问题提出了减少职业倦怠的对策。研究认为学区内所实施的与保健因素和激励因素相关的管理措施都与小学教师的职业倦怠呈显著负相关关系,激励因素的负向影响高于保健因素。基于双因素理论和教师专业发展理论,本论文提出农村地区教育管理者应在提高教师工资待遇、改善工作环境、优化工作条件、创设更为和谐的校园文化基础上,更加注重激励因素的完善,包括满足教师主体性的专业发展需求、优化教师评价体系、增加学习培训机会、改革晋升标准并增加农村地区晋升名额、赏识教师、增加名誉性奖励等。

The job burnout of rural teachers not only reduces their enthusiasm for work,teaching quality and creativity,but alsoaffects the students' academic progress or even normal growth due to teachers' lack of love and patience for students and teaching. Based on the Two-factor Theory,this paper analyzes the status and causes of job burnout of rural primary school teachers in HGY school district using questionnaires and interviews,and puts forward countermeasures to reduce job burnout. The study found that the management measures related to health factors and incentive factors in the school district have a significant negative correlation with the job burnout of primary school teachers,and the negative influence of incentive factors is higher than that of health care factors. Based on the theory of double factors and teachers' professional development,this paper suggests that education managers in rural areas should pay more attention to the improvement of incentive factors including improving teachers' salary,improving working environment,optimizing working conditions and creating a more harmonious campus culture. On the other hand,the education administrators in rural areas should meet the teachers' professional development needs,seek and optimize the evaluation system for teachers,increase the opportunities for training,change the criteria for promotion,increase the opportunity for promotion in as well as honorary rewards in rural areas.