学术型硕士生初次就业状况及其影响因素——基于2016年全国研究生离校调查数据的实证研究

Academic Master Students' Entry Employment Status and Influencing Factors:An Empirical Study Based on the Survey of Graduate Students in 2016

与本科生和博士生相比,硕士生就业面临劣势,而学术型硕士由于其培养目标和就业定位不清晰,需要特别关注。基于2016年全国研究生离校调查数据,对学术型硕士生的初次就业状况及其影响因素进行了实证分析。研究发现:性别、攻读动机、录取方式、硕士就读院校所在区域、学科专业类型等个体特征与教育特征因素对学术型硕士生的初次就业机会与初次就业单位选择会产生显著影响。除个体特征与教育特征以外,奖助学金满足程度、就业指导与服务质量、学校整体管理服务水平、就业单位性质、工作岗位性质、学用匹配度及就业与期望吻合度等院校支持与工作特征因素均会对学术型硕士生的初次就业满意度产生显著影响。营造公平的就业环境、消除各种就业歧视、进一步提升培养质量、做好经济资助及就业指导服务工作是未来主要的政策着力点。

Compared with undergraduates and doctoral students,the employment status of master students is facing the 'double disadvantage'. Due to its unclear training objective and professional orientation, academic masters need special attention. Based on the survey of graduate students in 2016,this paper analyzed their entry employment status and the influencing factors.Findings indicate that individual and educational factors such as gender,motivation,mode of admission,university location and discipline all have significant impact on academic master ’s first employment opportunity as well as employment sector choices.In addition,institutional support and job characteristics factors such as financial aids,employment guidance and service quality,the overall university management, employment sector, job post, discipline-job match and job-expectation match influence academic master’s first job satisfaction significantly.To create the fair employment environment,it is important to eliminate all kinds of employment discriminations,further improve the training quality,optimize financial support and employment guidance service in the future.