英国中小学校健康与安全:理念、职责与风险管控

The Health and Safety Management of Primary and Secondary Schools in the U.K. :Concepts,Responsibilities and Risk Management

英国作为世界安全绩效强国之一,其学校健康与安全工作的许多做法都值得借鉴。英国对于中小学校健康与安全的关注秉持了安全为本、责任为先和能力为主三大理念。在健康与安全职责分配方面,逐步形成了由国会立法规范、中央政府及职能部门指导、地方当局监管、学校全面负责、教职工和学生积极参与的权责配置体系。在健康与安全风险管控方面,英国中小学校形成了较为完备的学校风险管控体系,主要包括风险识别、风险评估、风险控制、风险报告和风险审查等方面。借鉴英国经验,我国应从完善中小学安全教育体系、健全岗位安全职责制度和建立中小学风险防控制度等方面改进学校安全管理工作。

The United Kingdom,as the world’s first power in safety performance,has accumulated a lot of school health and safety practices that are useful for reference.In the U.K.,attention to health and safety issues in primary and secondary schools follows three prominent concepts,including safety based,responsibility first and ability oriented.In terms of health and safety responsibility sharing,a system of power and responsibility allocation has been gradually formed,consisting ofthe prescription by congressional legislation,the guidance of central government and functional departments,the supervision by local authorities,the overall responsibilities of schools,and the active participation of staff and students.As for health and safety risk control,a relatively complete school risk control system has been formed in primary and secondary schools in the U.K.,including risk identification,risk assessment,risk management,risk reporting and risk review.Drawing on the experience of the U.K.,we should perfect the safety education system,completethe post safety responsibility system and establish risk assessment system to improve school safety management in primary and secondary schools.