关于学校和教师搜查学生的相关法律问题研究

A Study on the Legal Issues Related to the Search of Students by Schools and Teachers

搜查学生是学校和教师管教行为的一环,是教师专业自主权的应有内涵。一般情况下,启动对学生的搜查,必须有合理理由让人相信,搜查将发现学生违反或正在违反法律或学校纪律的证据,形成对学生违法违纪的合理怀疑。学校和教师搜查前不需要取得检查证或者搜查证,否则将会严重影响纪律处分程序的灵活性和及时性。搜查学生行为的常见类型有人身搜查,非随身书包、行李箱等私人物品的搜查,宿舍搜查,借助金属探测器实施的搜查和学生同意的搜查。无论哪种类型搜查,都应遵循比例性原则、保密原则、不得异性搜查学生身体原则和实施搜查的教师不得少于两人原则。学校和教师对搜查所发现的违禁品,应根据违禁品的性质等实际情形做出不同的处理。

Searching students is part of the discipline behavior of schools and teachers,and it is justified by teachers’professional autonomy.Generally when searching students,some evidence is to be found that the student has violated or is violating the law or school discipline,and the search may lead to the reasonable suspicion.Schools and teachers do not need to obtain inspection warrants or search warrants before the search.Otherwise the flexibility and timeliness of disciplinary proceedings will be seriously affected.The common types of student searches are body search,search for unaccompanied schoolbags,suitcases and other personal objects,dormitory search,search with the help of metal detectors as well as search with the consent of students.No matter what type of search it belongs to,the principle of proportionality,confidentiality and the principle that students’bodies shall not be searched by the opposite sex and that no fewer than two teachers shall,carry out the search should be followed.Schools and teachers should deal with the forbidden items found in the search differently according to the nature of the itemsand the actual situation.