海南省三沙市永兴岛和赵述岛鼠形动物及其携带病原调查

Carrying virus of rat-like animals in Yongxing and Zhaoshu Islands, Sansha, Hainan

目的了解海南省三沙市所属南海重要岛屿永兴岛和赵述岛特殊环境中的鼠形动物带毒情况,对寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和肾综合征汉坦病毒流行的风险进行评估,为当地政府和卫生部门制定综合防控技术方案提供科学依据。方法于2017年8月及2017年12月分两次利用鼠笼法和陷阱法捕捉三沙市永兴岛和赵述岛鼠形动物,解剖并采集肺、肾、肝、脾和心脏血标本,用实时荧光PCR的方法检测上述三种病毒的核酸。结果共捕获鼠型动物76只,其中鼠笼法捕获60只,陷阱法捕获16只,隶属2科4种,鼩鼱居多占36.67%、黄胸鼠占35.00%、褐家鼠占26.67%及小家鼠占1.67%。采集肺、肾、肝和脾标本合计76份、心脏血标本52份,因其中10份溶血严重,故仅对其余42份血进行检测。用鼠脏器标本及心脏血标本提取的RNA为模板进行实时荧光PCR检测,均未检出寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和肾综合征汉坦病毒。结论永兴岛和赵述岛上鼠形动物传播寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅病毒、和肾综合征汉坦病毒的风险不大。

Objective To examine the status of carrying virus of rat-like animals in Yongxing and Zhaoshu Island,Sansha and evaluate the epidemic risk of Zika, Chikungunya and epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus, so as to provide suggestionfor the local government to make prevention plans. Methods The rat-like animals were collected using rat cages and traps inAugust and December 2017. Lung, kidney, liver, spleen and blood samples were taken for Zika, Chikungunya and epidemichemorrhagic fever viral testing by using real-time PCR. Results A total of 76 rat-like animals were captured. Among them,60 were captured by rat cages and 16 by traps, which belonged to 4 species 2 families, Suncus murinus accounting for 36.67%,Rattus flavipectusaccounting for 35.00%, Rattus norvegicus accounting for 26.67%, Mus musculusaccounting for 1.67%. Totally76 viscera and 42 blood samples were tested and no detectable Zika, Chikungunya and epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus wasfound in available42 samples by RT-PCR. Conclusion Rat-like animals have low risk of transmitting Chikungunya, Zikaand epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus in Yongxing and Zhaoshu Islands.