2010-2018年广州市黄埔区某院手足口病和水痘流行病学分析

Epidemiology characteristics of varicella and hand-foot-and-mouth disease in a hospital in Huangpu district in Guangzhou city from 2010 to 2018

目的分析广州市黄埔区某院2010-2018年手足口病以及水痘的流行病学特征,为当地制定预防、控制措施提供依据。方法收集了2010-2018年间医院各个科室所报告的所有手足口病以及水痘患者资料,采用描述性流行病学方法以及χ2检验,分析其流行病学特征。结果 2010-2018年共收集手足口病患者8 392例,其中男5 253例,女3 139例,男女比例为1.67∶1,各年依次报告病例1 135、1 060、892、981、1 071、987、1 050、820和396例,最常见发病年龄为1~3岁,每年该年龄段构成比与其他年龄段比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=262.07,P<0.001);一年四季均有发病,以5-7月份为高发期,不同年份之间的不同月份之间的病例分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 956.68,P<0.001)。2010-2018年共收集水痘患者共2 775例,其中男1 563例,女1 212例,男女比例为1.29∶1,各年依次报告病例为259、384、211、270、374、248、305、413和311例,18岁以上发病的患者逐年增加,发病高峰为4-6月和11月-次年1月,分别占总发病数的25.0%和24.8%,各年间的不同月份之间的病例构成比分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=292.04,P<0.001)。结论广州市黄埔区某院就诊手足口病患者仍以低龄儿童较多,水痘的发病年龄有变大趋势,应当在预防控制上引起重视。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and chickenpox in a hospital in Huangpu district in Guangzhou city during the past 9 years,and prevent and control such diseases.Methods The data of both diseases in Huangpu hospitals from 2010 to 2018 were collected.Descriptive methods and chi-square test were used to analyze the data.Results A total of 8 392 patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease were collected during2010-2018.Of them,there are 5 253 males and 3 139 females.The male to female ratio was 1.67∶1.There are 1 135,1 060,892,981,1 071,987,1 050,820 and 396 cases were respectively reported in each year.In all cases,the most common age of onset was 1 to 3 years old.The annual composition ratio of this age group was statistically different from other age groups(χ2=262.07,P<0.001).Incidences were found around all year;however,a high incidence was observed from May to July.The differences in case distribution among different months of different years were statistically significant(χ2=1956.68,P<0.001).A total of 2 775 cases of chickenpox were collected during 2010-2018.There were 1 563 males and 1212 females respectively.The male to female ratio was 1.29:1.There were 259,384,211,270,374,248,305,413 and311 cases in each year.The patients over 18 years old increased year by year.The peak incidence was from April to June and November to January,accounting for 25.0%and 24.8%of all cases respectively.The differences in case composition ratio among different months of each year was statistically significant(χ2=292.04,P<0.001).Conclusions Hand-foot-and-mouth disease occurred more often in young children.The onset age of varicella had been increasing,and attention should be paid to prevention and control.