白千层精油的化学成分与抑菌活性研究

Chemical Components and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Melaleuca leucadendron

研究白千层精油的化学成分及其对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,为环境友好型农药的研发及白千层的综合应用提供理论依据。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析了白千层精油的化学成分,并用菌丝生长速率法测定了白千层精油对4种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。从白千层精油中分离鉴定出74种化学成分,占总含量的97.28%,其主要化学成分是左旋-α-蒎烯(2.07%)、β-月桂烯(1.05%)、1,8-桉叶素(67.29%)、萜品烯(2.52%)、芳樟醇(2.36%)、α-松油醇(7.93%)和(+)-g-桉叶油醇(1.26%)等。进一步研究表明,白千层精油在5.0～10.0μL/mL浓度范围对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长抑制率为100%;处理2 d时,白千层精油在2.5～10.0μL/mL浓度下对小孢拟盘多毛孢菌、水稻稻瘟病菌和香蕉枯萎病菌的菌丝生长抑制率达71.59%以上,其抑菌作用均随着处理浓度的增加而增强,随着白千层精油处理时间的延长,对3种植物病原菌表现出较好的持效性。白千层精油对立枯丝核菌、小孢拟盘多毛孢菌、水稻稻瘟病菌和香蕉枯萎病菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,在农用抗菌剂应用中有较好的应用潜力。

The chemical composition of the essential oils of M.leucadendron was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the inhibitory activity of the oils on four plant pathogenic fungi was determined by the mycelial growth rate method to provide a theoretical basis for the development of environment-friendly pesticides and the comprehensive application of M.leucadendron.In total,74 chemical components,accounting for 97.28%of the essential oil,were identified.The main chemical components were(-)-α-Pinene(2.07%),β-Myrcene(1.05%),Eucalyptol(67.29%),g-Terpinene(2.52%),Linalool(2.36%),α-Terpineol(7.93%),(+)-g-Eudesmol(1.26%),etc..Further research indicated that in the concentration range of 5-10μL/mL,the inhibition rate of the mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was 100%.Two days after treatment,the inhibitory rate of the mycelium growth of Pestalotiopsis microspora(Y2-4),Pyriculariaoryzac Cavgra,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen reached over 71.59%with the concentration of the essential oils ranged from 2.5 to 10μL/mL,and the antifungal activities increased with the increased treatment concentration and time.The essential oils of M.leucadendron had strong antifungal activity against four the plant pathogenic fungi,and had good potential in the application as agricultural antifungal agents.