浅论核设施放射防护最优化设计

Overview of the Radiation Protection Optimization of Nuclear Facilities

目的探讨核设施放射防护最优化设计的一般原则,从职业病危害防治与工程设计最优化的角度出发,控制职业和公众照射的水平,完善职业健康监护管理。方法对比国际和国内现行实施技术标准和规范,分析放射防护设施设计的原则和依据、放射防护最优化设计和质量控制等核设施辐射防护设计涉及的关键问题。结果以一种简单屏蔽的放射防护最优化设计为例,给出了代价-利益分析原理的应用方法,并对放射防护最优化及其质量控制等进行了较为详细的讨论。结论依据《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》(GB 18871-2002)控制核设施的辐射水平时,采用放射防护最优化原则,可以完善放射防护设施和工程的完整性和有效性,提高防护效率。

Objective To discuss the general principle of the radiation protection optimization of nuclear facilities,control occupational and public exposure levels and improve the management of occupational health from the perspective of optimization of occupational disease prevention and engineering design. Methods We compared the international and domestic current implementation of technical standards and specifications,and also analyzed some key issues existed in the design of nuclear facility protection including analyzing the principles and basis of radiation protection facility design,the radiation protection optimization design and quality control. Results Illustrated by the case of a simple shielding of the radiation protection optimization design,we gave an application method based on the principle of cost benefit analysis,and discussed the radiation protection optimization and quality control in detail. Conclusion When controlling the radiation levels of nuclear facilities in terms of 'Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources'( GB 18871-2002),the radiation protection optimization principle was adopted,which could improve the integrity and effectiveness of the radiation protection facilities and engineering as well as the efficiency of protection.