草鱼粘细菌性烂鳃病流行病学调查的研究

EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION ON THE GILL DISEASE OF THE GRASS CARP(CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLUS)CAUSED BY MYXOBACTERIA

本文报导了1975—1980年在浙江杭嘉湖等主要渔区26个生产单位,对草鱼粘细菌性烂鳃病进行流行病学调查的结果。共检查179只病鱼塘,解剖691尾烂鳃病鱼。结果表明:草鱼粘细菌性烂鳃病病原主要是鱼害粘球菌(Myxococus piscicola)主要危害1～22草鱼种,发病率为88.6％。但也能感染青鱼、鲢、鳙、鳗鲡及金鱼等,为浙江省流行广、危害较大的鱼病之一。该病流行季节为5～9月,水温为25～30℃,发病高峰是6月与9月,并常与病毒性出血病、细菌性肠炎等并发。采用石灰乳全塘泼洒,结合投喂地锦草或庆丰霉素,加强饲养管理,改善水质,对防治疾病可获良好的效果。调查中首次采用醇免疫测定法,对粘细菌烂鳃病的阳性检出率为95％左右、故此法可作为该病流行病学调查的过筛工具、也可用作疾病的诊断。

From 1979 to 1980 and epidemiologic investigation on gill disease of grass carp was made in 179 ponds in Lin Hu, Hu Zhow, Yu Hang, De Qing, An Ji, Hang Zhow, Shang Yu, Shao Xing, Hai Yah and Sui Chang, where the epidemic disease widespreads. Six hundred and ninety-one gill-toted fish were dissected.We found from the investigation that Myxobacteria bore the chief responsibility for this diseaseand the main pathogen was Myxococcus piscicola Lu, Nie & Ko. sp. nov. The pathogen Myxobacterium was identified by the enzyme-immunoassay and colony morphology, serological and biochemical tests.Mpiscicola is a bacterial pathogen infecting many fishes including the grass carp, the black carp (Mylopharyngodon pioeus), the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthvs molitrix), varuegated carp (Aristichthys nobilis), thecarp (cyprinus carpio), the fresh water eel (Auguilla Japonica) and the goldfish et al. The incidence of the disease in the grass carp reached 88.6 percent and the fingerlings and yearlings suffered most seriously. The disease was often accompanied by hemorrhage and enteritis. June and September. when the temperature of water was in the range from 25℃ to 30℃. were the months of high incidence. In the first half of year, the yearlings was the chief victim; in the second half of the year, the fingerlings.The results of the investigation will provide a basis for the diagnostics and the treatment of the disease.