废止劳教后社区矫正的职能定位研究:基于权利均衡的视角

On the Functions of Community Corrections after the Reeducation-through-labor System Is Abolished

我国劳动教养制度废止后,对原劳教适用对象应当如何对待的问题,学术界形成"二元分流说"、"轻罪说"和"保安处分说"三种观点。从人权保障和权利均衡视角来看,这三种方案对权利保护各具重点,但都存在一定的不足。从平衡和兼顾大众权利保障与受处遇人权利的角度看,社区矫正是处理人身危险性较轻的主体的违法行为的较好选择。我国法律目前将社区矫正定位于法定监外刑罚执行的方式。因而,要适用社区矫正方案,就要超越目前对社区矫正职能的定位,使社区矫正可适用于违法行为矫治。这种职能定位的扩展有并行制、统一制和补充制三种模式可供选择。并列模式相对更为合理,而为了区别于社区矫正,这种并行措施可称为社会矫正。这种社会矫正机制应是结合保安处分属性的、类似社区矫正的独立矫治制度。

As to how to treat the persons under the reeducation-through-labor,the academic circle has formed three theories,that is,the theory of diffluence by 'dualistic'criminal penalty system,the theory of criminalization into misdemeanor,and the theory of security measures,after the reeducation-through-labor system of China is abolished. From the perspective of human rights protection and balance of pow er,different emphasis is placed on the protection of human rights among these solutions though each w ith some deficiency respectively. Taking into account the balance betw een and combination of the protection of the rights of the public and the rights of the convicted,community correction is the best choice to handle the infraction committed by the convicted w ho constitute less physical danger to others. At present,China's law defines the position of the community correction as statutory punishment to be executed out of the prisons. Therefore,community correction has to be repositioned to cover the infractions for application of the community correction as a solution of sanction infractions is beyond the positioning of the present community correction. Such extension of the function positioning of community correction offers three modes as concurring system,uniform system and supplement system as alternatives. The concurring system is comparatively reasonable. To distinguish it from community correction,such measure may be termed as social correction. This social correction mechanism should be combined w ith security measures in nature and is an independent correction system similar to community correction.