论国际人权法中的国家间指控程序

On Inter-state Communications Procedures in International Human Rights law

迄今共有十一项国际人权文件规定了国家间指控程序。这些程序普遍存在接受度低和虚置问题,只有少数程序有为数不多的实践。国际劳工组织和欧洲理事会的国家间指控程序具有较丰富的实践和典型性。对其分析表明,尽管几乎所有案件都不乏政治目的的驱动,尽管许多指控并不是更符合国家间指控程序的设计初衷的公益之诉,但所有指控都具有一定的事实和法律依据,并非完全政治化的胡搅蛮缠。国际劳工组织和欧洲理事会国家间指控程序的使用频率相对较高,而联合国五项核心人权公约规定的国家间指控程序尚无一例实践。这似乎表明联合国专门机构和区域性国际组织建立的国家间指控程序相对更受青睐一些。

Inter-state communications procedure is provided in existing 11 international human rights instruments,but their acceptance percentage is much low and most of them have not been used.The ones established by ILO and Council of Europe is typical and has been practiced in some cases.The analysis on these two procedures indicates,Although almost all cases were drove by political motives,and some cases were not the Actio popularis which meet original intentions from which designing the procedure,all cases were based on some facts and legal basis,not Importuned wholly politicizing.Inter-state communications procedures of ILO and CoE have been used more relative frequently and the ones provided in five UN human rights treaties have never been used,which is seem to indicate that the ones established by UN special agencies and regional international organizations are more popular.