制定发展权公约的前景及其意义

Realization of the Right to Development:Prospects for Drafting a Convention on the Right to Development

在通过1986联合国发展权宣言后近30年,不同政治集团对发展权的理解仍然各不相同。发展中国家强调诸如国际金融制度不平等,发展中国家在经济政策的全球决策方面更多的参与,及促进更公平的贸易体制等。发达国家坚持发展中国家的适当国内条件,例如法治、善治、民主与负责的经济管理等。而不结盟运动呼吁具有约束性的国际法律标准,欧盟则反对提高此宣言的地位。实际上,制定发展权框架公约似乎是调节不同政治集团关心问题的最好选择,因为它允许采用逐步进行的方式。发展权框架公约的潜在的增值是,利用超越单个国家责任、并从国际发展工作衍生出的原则中获取灵感的条约来平衡当前的人权体制,包括相互问责、伙伴国家之间政策调整,及包容性伙伴关系等。

Nearly 30 years after the adoption of the 1986 UN Declaration on the Right to Development,the understanding of this right still differs from one political group to another.The South stresses such issues as inequalities in the international financial system,greater participation of developing countries in global decision-making on economic policy,and promotion of a fairer trade regime.The North persists on apt domestic conditions in developing countries,such as rule of law,good governance,democracy and responsible economic management.While the Non-aligned Movement calls for an international legal standard of a binding nature,the European Union is opposed to such an upgrade of the Declaration.In fact,drafting a Framework Convention on the Right to Development seems to be the best option for accommodating the concerns of the different political groups,as it allows for a step-by-step approach.A framework convention is a treaty under international law:such a treaty is open to the states.Once it has entered into force,it is binding on States that have expressed consent.The potential added value of a Framework Convention on the Right to Development is to balance the current human rights regime with a treaty that goes beyond individual State responsibility and takes inspiration from principles derived from international development efforts,such as mutual accountability,alignment of policies among partner countries,and inclusive partnership.