“差别原则”视域下的我国残疾人无障碍权利保障

The Protection of Right to Accessibility of Persons with Disabilities in China from the Perspective of J. B. Rawls’ Difference Principle

随着我国人权事业的发展,残疾人的受教育权、工作权、康复权等逐渐得到重视,获得了较好的保障。但是,作为残疾人基础权利之一的无障碍权利,并没有受到足够的重视。无障碍设施不够发展和完善,保障还不够充分有效。无障碍权利保障的不足,会使残疾人的受教育权、工作权等权利的实现面临严重困难。无障碍权利保障需要有自己独特的理论支持,才能获得更好的制度实践。美国学者约翰·罗尔斯在其正义理论中强调的"最少受惠者的最大利益"的差别原则,为保障残疾人无障碍权利提供了较为坚实的理论支持。差别原则所蕴含的补偿和互惠价值,为残疾人无障碍权利保障提供了正当性依据。基于补偿和互惠的要求,只有改变造成残疾人障碍的社会结构,促进无障碍设施等建设,才能维护残疾人的正当权益。

Persons with disabilities are the typical disadvantaged groups in the society.In recent years,with the development of protection of human rights in China,the right to education,right to work and right to rehabilitation of persons with disabilities haveattracted more attention and received more effective protection.However,as one of the basic rights of persons with disabilities,the right to accessibility has not been given enough attention,and the barrierfree facilities are not fully developed and imperfect,offering inadequate protection.The lack of right to accessibility will cause serious difficulties in realizing the right to education,right to work and other rights of persons with disabilities.In order to obtain better institutional practice,the protection of right to accessibility needs its unique theoretical support.John Rawls’s theory of justice emphasizes the difference principle of'the greatest benefit for the least advantaged members of society'provides a solid theoretical support for the protection of the right to accessibility of persons with disabilities.The value of redress and reciprocity embodied in the Difference Principle provides the justifiable basis for the protection of the right to accessibility of persons with disabilities.The rights of persons with disabilities can be protected only by changing the social structurewhich causes the barriers for persons with disabilitiesand promoting the construction of the barrier-free facilities.