缩醛型表面活性剂的研究进展

Progress in surfactants with acetal group in molecular structure

缩醛型表面活性剂是一类可分解的表面活性剂。由于分子中含有缩醛基团,易在酸性条件下迅速水解为醛类和小分子化合物,分解产物无毒、无表面活性且易于生物降解;而在碱性条件下,甚至很高的pH值下能稳定存在。根据这类表面活性剂的分子结构特征,分别叙述了环状缩醛、烷基葡萄糖苷和链状缩醛型聚醚等3种类型表面活性剂的合成方法、物理化学性质和用途。

The surfactants with acetal group in molecular structure is a type of easily cleavable surfactants.In acidic conditions the acetal group (-O-CHR-O-) can be easily hydrolyzed into RCHO and fragment componds that have no surface activity and are biodegradable and friendly to the environment.They are stable in alkali condition even at very high pH value.In accordance with the molecular structural characteristics,the paper reviews the synthesis method,physical and chemical properties,and applications of three sorts of surfactants with acetal group,cyclic acetal,alkyl glucoside,and linear polyoxyalkylene acetal.