三峡水库蓄水后库区气候要素变化趋势分析

Analysis on variation trend of climate factors in Three Gorges Reservoir area after impoundment

为获取三峡水库建成蓄水后各种水循环要素的变化情况,基于2004～2016年库区12个沿江代表站的气象数据,采用趋势分析法和相关分析法研究了三峡库区相关气候要素的变化情况,并与前人的相关研究成果对比,探讨其变化趋势及变化原因。结果表明:水库蓄水后,由于下垫面的改变,水库年均气温呈弱的下降趋势,年均降水量与降水日数增加,年均相对湿度减小,风速增加,蒸发量下降;影响蒸发量的主要因素是年均气温、年均相对湿度与日照时数。研究成果可为气候变化背景下三峡库区水分、能量循环研究提供理论依据和参考。

In order to obtain the variation of the water cycle elements in Three Gorges Reservoir area after impoundment, we studied the variation trend of climate factors by trend analysis method and related analysis method based on the meteorological data of 12 representative stations along the Yangtze River in the reservoir area from 2004 to 2016. Furthermore, we explored the causes for the change by comparing the results with relevant research of predecessors. The results showed that: after the reservoir impoundment, for the change of the underlying surface, the annual average temperature weakly decreased, the annual average precipitation and precipitation days increased, the annual average relative humidity decreased, the wind speed increased, and the evaporation decreased. The main factors affecting evaporation were annual average temperature, annual average relative humidity and sunshine duration. The results can provide theoretical basis and reference for the study of water and energy cycle in the Three Gorges Reservoir area under the background of climate change.