2Keller, J. M. ( 2002 ). Motivation and Performance. In R. A. Reiser&J. V. Dempsey ( Eds. ). Trends and Issues in instructional Design and Technology. NJ:Merrill Prentice Hall.
3Keller, J. M. (1999). Motivational Design of Instruction, In C. M. Reigeluth, (Eds.). Handbook of Human Performance Technology. (2nded.). San Francisco: Jossey - Bass.
4Keller. J. M. motivational design of Instruction [ C]//In C. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional Design Theories and Models: An Overview of Their Current Status. Hillsdale, N. J. : Law rence Erlbaum Association, 1983:387 435.
5[美] V. H. Vroom. Work and Motivation [ M ]. New York: Wiley, 1964:21 - 28.