从“理性启蒙”到“感性自由”——现代性语境中教育的异化与价值重建

From “Rational Enlightenment” to “Perceptual Freedom”:Modernity Alienation and Value Reconstruction of the Education

从文艺复兴经启蒙运动,人类开启了“现代性”的进程。在整个现代性方案中,理性启蒙处于绝对领先的地位,它奠定了一套全新的认识论、生存论和价值观框架。教育现代性的开启,正是来源于理性启蒙对于观念文化、生活方式和制度结构的现代性价值预设,而基于“人”本体的人学想象构成了其内在的观念动力学基础。但理性启蒙也蕴含着自我分裂的因素,在理性启蒙力量的主导下,教育取得了革命性发展的同时,也面临着现代性异化的风险,从而陷入了与“启蒙”背反的合法性危机。不过,“现代性”本身就是复杂和充满张力的,并不能采取全面否定的姿态来进行批判。事实上,“现代性”并非只是理性现代性,也包括感性现代性,教育应在坚持理性启蒙成果的基础上,积极纳入“感性启蒙”议题,推进人的自由与解放。

From the Renaissance and the Enlightenment,the process of"Modernity"has begun.In the scheme of modernity,rational enlightenment is in the absolute leading position,and has established a new frame of epistemology,existentialism and value.The modern presupposition of rational enlightenment for conceptual culture,life style and institutional structure,especially on the value imagination of"human",constitutes the driving force for the growth of educational modernity.However,rational enlightenment is also self splitting.On the one hand,due to the positive influence of rational enlightenment,education has made revolutionary progresses.On the other hand,education also has been caught in the crisis of modernity,which is the legitimate crisis of educational enlightenment.We should realize that"Modernity"is complex and full of tension,so we can not take a negative attitude to criticize.In fact,"Modernity"includes both rational modernity and perceptual modernity.Therefore,on the basis of adhering to the rational enlightenment,we should start the"perceptual enlightenment"and realize the freedom and liberation of human beings.