试论约翰·华生对心理学的贡献及教育思想——以《行为主义的儿童教育》为中心的考察

John Watson’s Contribution to Psychology and His Ideas of Education:A Study Centered on the Behaviorism of Children’s Education

本文以美国行为主义心理学家华生的代表作之一《行为主义的儿童教育》一书为中心,系统探讨在其行为主义及婴幼儿心理实验基础上确立的儿童教育思想及其历史影响。首先作为历史背景,对华生的生平及行为主义的基本观点、贡献进行探讨,尤其对华生所做的史无前例、影响至今的婴幼儿行为实验做了评介。在此基础上,对华生的儿童教育思想进行了系统概括,指出了其积极意义:扫荡育儿问题上沿袭的迷信及陈腐观念,宣传科学理性的实证育儿观;重视早期教育、学习以及环境(外力)的决定作用;倡导通过实验获得或验证一系列新颖的育儿方式及方法。这些在历史上都有着重要意义。对不足之处也做了分析。此外,还对该书的中译本进行了讨论。

The paper take Behaviorism of Children’s Education as center,which is one of the representative works of American behavioral psychologist Watson, and systematically discussed the children’s education thought and its historical influence which based on behaviorism and infant psychological experiments. As a historical background,firstly the paper introduce and review Watson’s life, basic ideas of behaviorism,contribution,especially made a statement to Watson’s infant behavior experiment that be thought " have no predecessors,but have great significance so far ". On this basis,Watson’s children’s education thought has carried on the system summary,then the paper pointed out its positive significance: sweeping parenting issues follow superstitions and outdated ideas, promote scientific and rational empirical child rearing; value early education,learning and environmental( external forces) decision; to initiate or verify a series of novel parenting methods and methods. There are important historically value,and there are deficiencies also. Lastly,this paper discussed the Chinese version of the book.