马克思主义政治哲学视野下教育公平探究

A Study of Educational Equality from the Perspective of Marxist Political Philosophy

马克思主义的政治理想是通过全人类解放的实践活动,最终实现每个人的自由而全面发展。在马克思主义学说体系中,教育公平本身所引申出来的终极理想,已成为人类追求自身全面发展的目标。长期以来,教育不公平已成为一个普遍的历史现象存在于人类社会的发展进程中。不同的历史时期,人们都会对教育不公平发出自己的声音,并对公平的受教育权利进行争取。根据现阶段教育公平的现状,要实现教育公平,承认教育不公平的存在是客观前提;消灭影响教育公平的三大差别是政治前提;探索按劳分配条件下教育资源的恰当配置是改革方向;规范和完善教育公平制度是法治基础。实现教育公平必须坚持程序性正义原则、补偿性正义原则和评价性正义原则。

The political ideal of Marxism is to realize the free and all-round development of each person through the practice of the liberation of all mankind.In the Marxist theory system,the ultimate ideal of education justice itself has become the goal of human’s pursuit of all-round development.For a long period,educational inequality has become a common historical phenomenon in the development of human society.There are many reasons why educational inequality becomes an objective fact.From the personal aspects,diversity and difference of talents among individuals,the family environment of individuals and the regional environment of individuals are all the reasons.From the aspects of overall social and historical development,different stages of productive forces and productive relations,different stages of social structures,and human activities in a particular society will all cause educational inequality.The deep historical reasons mainly focus on the historical reality of the "three major differences"that Marx intended to expound:differences between workers and peasants,between urban and rural areas,and between brain labors.In different historical periods,people will give their own voice to education and fight for the right to be fair.In primitive society,due to low productivity level,education has not been differentiated from social life,so there will not be the problem of educational inequality.In slave society,the disciples of slave owners controlled the power of education.In feudal society,the landlord class controlled the leadership of education and the distribution of education resources.In modern society,due to the continuous struggle of the proletariat,it has been universally recognized that people has equal right to receive education.Based on the current situation of education,to realize educational equality,there is an objective premise to admit the existence of educational inequality and a political premise to eliminate the three major differences that cause the inequality of education.The direction of reform should be properly allocating education resources on the basis of labor.The legal basis should be regulating and improving the educational equality system.In the implementation of educational equality,we must stick to the principles of procedural justice,compensatory justice and evaluative justice.