中国基础教育的理论缺失与解决对策

Deficiency of Basic Education Theory in China and Its Solutions

中国基础教育改革已取得举世瞩目的成绩,尤其是在国际学生评估项目(PISA)测试中取得了两次世界第一后,已引起国际教育界的关注。欧美许多国家纷纷派专人到中国考察学习,英国决定全面引进上海的小学数学课本及配套练习册,大长中国人志气,提升了中国的国际地位。可是,国内对基础教育却是骂声不断,甚至有人说中国的教育问题已严重如癌症晚期,骇人听闻,颠倒黑白。许多人对中国教育存在误解,产生了各种埋怨。从理论和实践上分析唱衰中国教育的各种论调和误解,有利于正本清源,理性地看待中国基础教育存在的问题和取得的成绩。中国教育理论界必须根除崇洋思想,不能用西方教育理论来否定中华教育的优良传统。我们应该从盲目自卑中醒来,从崇拜西方教育理论的声音中突围出来,引导广大教师走自己的路,在国际教育界发出中国的声音。

The reform and development of basic education in China reform and development has achieved remarkable success and attracted attentions of the international education communities,especially after Chinese students won two champions in the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA).Many countries in Europe and the United States sent educational experts to learn from China.And the United Kingdom decided to introduce Shanghai’s math textbooks for elementary school and associated workbooks.All these enhance China’s international status and show Chinese people’s ambitions.However,in China,the basic education is receiving criticism continuously.Some people even say that China’s problems in education are as serious as the late stage of cancer.Because of the misunderstanding of Chinese education,there have been various grievances.Now there are eight major arguments about education in the society,which are"the College Entrance Examination is like a baton,and it is the source of all education problems in China";"the proliferation of exam-oriented education is the main problem of Chinese education";"Chinese students are good at taking exams and could get high scores,but they have poor competence";"the most important things are ability and creativity,how much knowledge students have learned does not matter";"Chinese teachers emphasize too much on rote memorization and mechanical training";"Chinese students’ have heavy learning burdens and are lack of creativity";"China has high level basic education and low level higher education";"the danger of Mathematical Olympiad class is far more than pornography,gambling and drug abuse".Fundamentally,these blind accusations are caused by the deficiency of educational theories.Analyzing these arguments and misunderstandings of Chinese education from the perspective of theory and practice is conducive to getting to the bottom of problems of basic education in China,clarifying relevant concepts,dispelling criticism without scientific basis and treating achievements and shortcomings of China’s basic education rationally.Researchers in the field of educational theories in China must eradicate western-worship,avoid denying traditions of Chinese education on the basis of western educational theories,respect the basic laws of education,focus on empirical studies,treat the problems of Chinese education dialectically,create a fair and democratic academic atmosphere,and change the attitudes of media which sometimes contributes to the spreading of rumors or stands by and does nothing.We should further study and explore the noble traditions of Chinese education,build an educational theory system with Chinese characteristics,summarize and popularize successful experiences in Chinese education reform,strengthen educational and cultural exchanges with countries around the world,guide teachers to follow their own path,and give out voices from China in the international education community.