关于小麦育种若干问题的探讨

Discussion on some aspects of winter wheat breeding in China

回顾了近年来小麦育种工作的进展,并提出了今后小麦育种的目标和途径。小麦育种目标的制定应该包含4个方面:丰产性,稳产性,品质和生产成本。丰产性的实现要依赖生物学产量和经济系数的提高,可以通过繁茂性和粒叶比的选择来实现。目前我国品质改良的工作重点仍是提高面筋强度,应加强高分子量谷蛋白优质亚基和谷蛋白大聚体含量的选择,耐热性也是黄淮麦区品质改良的重要内容。稳产性的提高应增强品种的抗旱和耐热性能,水旱轮选是选育抗旱品种行之有效的方法,而细胞膜稳定性和气-冠温差在组织和群体水平上较好地反映了植物耐热性的差异,可用于耐热品种的选择。

Great progress in wheat breeding in recent years in China were reviewed, and breeding targets and programs in the future were discussed Breeding targets should include four aspects: yield, stability of yield, quality and production cost Furthur enhancing wheat yield mostly depended on biological yield and harvest index, and higher yield of wheat cultivars could be obtained by selecting plant flourish and grain-leaf ratio Currently, the key for quality improvement is to increase gluten strengthen, with high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and glutenin macropolymer content used as efficient parameters In Yellow and Huai valleys, new varieties should be tolerant to heat stress In order to improve stability of both yield and quality, the drought resistance and heat tolerance of new varieties should be increased The former can be acquired by selecting in drought and non-drought soils in turns or at the same time, and the latter can be screened by stability of cellular membrane or air-canopy temperature difference under heat stress, which reflects difference in heat tolerance between varieties in tissue and population levels respectively