上海地区白纹伊蚊监测与药物防制研究

Surveillance on Larva and Adult of Aedes albopictus and the Study of Insecticide in Shanghai

目的 了解上海地区登革热媒介———白纹伊蚊成幼虫的基本生态习性 ,掌握白纹伊蚊对常用杀虫剂的敏感性和现场控制效果 ,为制定登革热应急控制方案提供科学依据。方法 幼虫采用 3～ 11月孳生地阳性率调查、人工容器诱卵法与自然界阳性率比较、采集不同水质进行理化分析 ;成虫采用帐诱法和人工小时法比较白纹伊蚊种群数量动态 ;用人诱法观察室内外叮咬频率与光照、温度的关系 ;用幼虫浸液法和模拟现场试验法观察几种杀虫剂的LC50 和持效。结果 ( 1)白纹伊蚊幼虫在自然界出现期为 4～ 11月 ,6～ 8月为高峰 ,人工容器法白纹伊蚊幼虫出现期为 5～ 11月 ,比自然界晚 1个月 ,幼虫高峰与自然界基本一致 ;( 2 )白纹伊蚊幼虫分布十分广泛 ,郊区高于市区 ;以轮胎集中堆放处、公园、废品收购、居民区、建筑工地的孳生率较高 ;幼虫孳生场所以轮胎、缸罐、养花容器、盆桶、瓶等小容器为主。喜欢孳生在 pH均值为7.3 4～ 7.5 6、氯化物均值 46.43～ 98.97mg/L、溶解氧均值 3 .2 167～ 3 .161mg/L、亚硝酸盐氮均值 0 .10 8～0 .0 43 5mg/L的水质中 ;城区与郊区白纹伊蚊孳生与非白纹伊蚊孳生的水体理化指标有所不同 ;( 3 )白纹伊蚊成虫出现期为 4～ 11月 ,成虫高峰为 6～ 8月 ,两种成虫监测方法捕获的成虫数量以帐诱?

Objective To investigate the breeding habit of Dengue vector- Aedes albopictus and the distribution and the biting behavior of adult and its susceptibility to insecticide in Shanghai. The result is to provide guidance for Dengue control.Methods To collect larva from different areas and container to check the positive rate of larva during April-November and to survey the positive rate of larva during the same time by artificial container; To collect the water which has Aedes albopictus larva or has't Aedes albopictus larva for analysis in lab; To use mosquito net and the personnel hour to collect the adult; To use biting by man to observe the adult biting active related to light and temperature indoor and outdoor; To observe the control effect of several insecticides for Aedes albopictus in Lab and imitate field and field.Results (1) Aedes albopictus larva emerged during April-November in nature,the larva density peak was in June-September, Aedes albopictus larva in artificial container emerged at May, one month later than in nature. (2) The Aedes albopictus larva distribution was extensive, the rate of positive in city was less than that in suburb ( χ 2= 571.01 , P <0.01 ).It distributed in the areas with abound tyres and abolishable goods?park?residential areas and construction field et al. It bred in tyre?jar?vat?bottle and the small container from flower and from house.The Aedes albopictus larva usually breeded in the water which consist of pH 7.34- 7.56 ?chloride 46.43- 98.97 mg/L?dissolved oxygen 3.216 7- 3.161 mg/L and nitrite nitrogen 0.043 5- 0.108 mg/L .(3) The adult emerged in Mary-November, with the density peak during June- September. The adult number with mosquito net was more than that with the personnel hour. (4)During June-September, the peak of biting rate indoor and outdoor were 8∶00- 10∶00 AM and 15∶00-16∶00 PM . The biting active was related with the LUX. (5) The LC 50 of DDVP?deltamthrin?permethrin cypermethrin to Aedes albopictus larva was 0.115 6 ppm ? 0.004 56- 0.000 532 ppm ? 0.003 147- 0.011 5 ppm ? 0.001 931- 0.002 007 ppm respectively. It had no resistance to permethrin and cypermethrin. Temephos?diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl were all effective for Aedes albopictus larva.Conclusion This paper recorded the results of two methods to larva surveillance and two ways to catch adult. The biting active was related with the LUX and the larva breeding. Six insecticides were effective to Aedes albopictus . Aedes albopictus density had dangerous degree in Shanghai; Surveillance should be conducted for population density and vector energy in every year. The study of the control method for Dengue vector Aedes albopictus was carried out.